Smoke billowed over Nairobi’s streets as Kenyans marked the first anniversary of the deadly anti-government protests of 2024. Thousands rallied nationwide on June 25, 2025, in demonstrations marred by violence, with Amnesty Kenya reporting 16 fatalities, most caused by police.
Remembering a Tragic Anniversary
The protests commemorated last year’s demonstrations against a controversial tax bill, which led to the deaths of over 60 people and a dramatic storming of Parliament. Protesters in Nairobi, joined by thousands across the country, clashed with police who responded with tear gas, water cannons, and live ammunition.
Amnesty Kenya’s executive director, Irungu Houghton, confirmed that as of 8:30 PM Wednesday, 16 deaths had been verified.
“Most were killed by police,” Houghton stated, adding that at least five individuals were shot dead. The figures were corroborated by the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR).
Grim Toll and Excessive Force
KNCHR reported eight fatalities attributed to gunshot wounds and noted over 400 casualties, including protesters, journalists, and police officers.
“The deployment of heavy police presence and the use of rubber bullets, live ammunition, and water cannons resulted in numerous injuries,” the watchdog said.
Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) confirmed receiving 107 injured individuals, primarily with gunshot wounds, though no deaths were recorded at the facility.
In one incident, a security guard for Kenya Power was fatally shot while patrolling the utility’s headquarters.
Media Blackout Amid Protests
The day’s turmoil extended to Kenya’s media as the Communications Authority ordered broadcasters to halt live coverage of the demonstrations. Channels NTV and KTN defied the directive and showed large crowds advancing toward State House, the president’s official residence.
After briefly being pulled off the air, both channels resumed broadcasts following a court order overturning the Communications Authority’s directive.
Ongoing Anger and Calls for Justice
Protests were reported in cities beyond Nairobi, including Mombasa, Kisii, and Nyeri. While last year’s demonstrations subsided after President William Ruto withdrew proposed tax hikes, public outrage over police brutality persists.
This month’s protests were further fueled by the death of blogger and teacher Albert Ojwang, who died in police custody. Six people, including three police officers, have been charged with his murder.
Ojwang’s death has become a rallying point for protesters, adding to the demands for accountability over last year’s violence and a series of unexplained disappearances.
“We are fighting for justice for our fellow youths and those who died since June 25. We cannot forget,” said Lumumba Harmony, a protester in Nairobi.
A Crisis in Leadership
The events of June 25, 2024, marked a pivotal moment in President Ruto’s administration. Images of police firing at protesters breaking into Parliament highlighted Kenya’s deep divisions and drew sharp criticism from international allies.
A year later, the country remains in a fragile state, grappling with unresolved calls for justice and reform in the wake of ongoing political and social unrest.
